Here's a list of common logical fallacies. Some of which we discussed in class. We'll discuss more in the future. Here's a link to a handy fallacy guide with explanations. Wikipedia is also a good source for explanations of the various fallacies as well as the cognitive biases.
Naturalistic Fallacy (3 types) (a) Natural is better, (b) that's the natural order of things (i.e. for moral arguments), (c) ascribing natural properties not non-natural things.
Argument from authority/antiquity/ancient wisdom/tradition
Ad populum
Appeal to emotions (usually pity, sympathy, fear, guilt, or disgust)
Genetic fallacy
Argument from personal incredulity
Ad hominem
Poisoning the well
Tu quo que
Ad hoc rescue
Moving the goal posts
False dilemma
Perfectionist fallacy/negative confirming instances: sub-category of false dilemma
Post hoc ergo proptor hoc (confusing correlation with causation)
False premise
Non-falsifiable hypothesis
Subjectivist fallacy
Hasty generalization
Red herring
Strawman
Non-sequitur
Begging the question
Texas sharp shooter fallacy (also considered a cognitive bias)
Appeal to force
Two wrongs fallacy
Confirming instances fallacy (related to confirmation bias)
Argument from Ignorance/inappropriate burden of proof/demanding proof a negative
Biases and Cognitive Biases:
Appeal to anecdote (also could be categorized as a fallacy)
Confirmation Bias
Selection Bias
Motivated Reasoning
Negativity Bias
Halo effect
Bottom line effect
No comments:
Post a Comment