Phil 102 HW Wk3A
P26
Ex 5
Directions: Identify the premises and conclusion. Try to figure out the traits of audience based on the
explicit and implicit beliefs. Identify the probable opponents and proponents of the arguments,
(iii) [From "Health News" in More magazine] "there are so many changes that occur in women's lives
from 40 to 60," says Marianna Golts, a psychiatrist as Toronto's Mnt. Sinai Hospital. "The stress of work,
menopausal symptoms, aging parents, having kids or kids leaving--all these factors can contribute to
our depression risk. "...The safeguard is maintenance. "It's so important for women to put their needs
first, get adequate sleep, exercise and have a life outside of family and work--all the normal things that
usually get pushed aside at the is point in a woman's life."
Premise: There are many changes that occur in women's lives from 40 to 60 which can contribute to
depression risk.
Conclusion: It's important for women to put their needs first.
Audience traits: female, 40-60 years old
Opponents: men, families
Proponents: older women, health professionals
(iv) [From The Windsor Star, p. A7, Opinion: "Keep phones out of class," by Cory Matchett] "The school
board thinks it would be good for students and allow them to take notes on their phones. I think this is
outrageous. I am a student at the university and have seen firsthand that many students just sit there
and text all class...The world is far too complicated these days and the only way we are going to move
in the right direction is by simplifying things. In my opinion, all you need to do well in school is paper, a
pen, most importantly, your mind."
Premises: Students text in class. The world is too complicated and we need to simplify things.
Conclusion: Phones should not be allowed in school.
Audience traits: old-fashioned, anti-technology
Opponents: students, phone companies
Proponents: teachers, professors
(v) [Letter to the editor "Support for arts lacking in Windsor"] "I would ask that every family with
young children go out and actively support [the arts] before they are gone. Not only does it enrich the
children's lives but brings many benefits to this city. To be a truly great city, there has to be a mixture of
cultural and sporting activities for people of all ages."
Premise: Supporting the arts enriches children’s lives and brings many benefits to the city.
Conclusion: People should support the arts.
Audience traits: influential, have money
Opponents: Sports, other groups which might lose funding if it is given to art programs
Proponents: artists, art teachers, musicians
(vi) Singing can also nurture the body. A 2000 American study found that choral singing helps the
immune system. The study measured the levels of immunoglobulin A and cortisol immediately after
singing in a choir and after listening to choral music. The choir members had much higher levels of the
immune-boosting chemicals right after singing.
Premise: A study indicated that choir members had high levels of immune-boosting chemicals right after
singing.
Conclusion: Singing is good for you.
Audience traits: scientific, musically-inclined, concerned about health
Opponents: scientists who disagree who the findings of the study or distrust it
Proponents: Singers, choir teachers, scientists, health professionals
Page 26, Exercise 5
Monica Karpecki
M/W 1PM
(iii)
Premises:
1. From 40 to 60, there are many changes in women's lives that can contribute to their depression risk.
2. The stress from work is a factor.
3. Menopausal symptoms are a big contributor.
4. They have to deal with their parents aging.
5. They have to deal with their kids leaving the nest.
6. A lot of the needs that help keep women sane are usually pushed aside at this point in life.
Conclusion:
At this age, is important for women to put their needs first as a safeguard from depression.
Audience:
Older women that are worried about their mental health
People with mothers that are this age
Husbands of wives around this age
The mental health community
Opponents/Proponents
O: Men
P: The mental health community, Women
(iv)
Premises:
1. The world is far too complicated these days.
2. Many students just sit and text all class long.
3. All you need to do well in class is a pen, paper, and your mind.
Conclusion:
The school board should not allow students to take notes on their phones.
Audience:
Those who agree that the world is too complicated and we should just go back to reading by candlelight.
Opponents/Proponents:
O: Students who text during class, Those who are open to using technology as a learning tool
P: Teachers, Parents, Those who think technology is a distraction
(v)
Premises:
1. The arts enrich the lives of children.
2. It brings many benefits to the city.
3. A great city needs a mixture of cultural and sporting activities for all ages.
4. The arts won't be around for much longer with the way things are going.
Conclusion:
Families with young children need to support the arts.
Audience:
Young families
Citizens of the city
City Officials
Opponents/Proponents:
O: Families, Artists, People interested in culture
P: Tax payers, City officials that need to cut the arts program so that they can get their yearly bonuses
(vi)
Premises:
1. Choral singing helps the immune system.
2. Choir members have much higher levels of immune-boosting chemicals right after singing.
Conclusion:
Singing nurtures the body.
Audience:
Those interested in becoming healthier
Opponents/Proponents:
O: People who hate choirs and the Sound of Music
P: Singers, Health nuts
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